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VAT Calculator

Free VAT calculator — add or remove VAT at any rate to find net, gross, and tax amounts instantly. For invoices, receipts, and pricing.

Net Amount (excl. VAT)

VAT Rate (%)

⚠️ Please fill in all required fields with valid numbers.

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Everyday Uses

Invoicing clients

Freelancers and small businesses can add VAT to quotes correctly, or extract it from a VAT-inclusive price.

Cross-border shopping

See what a price really costs once VAT is added — or reclaimed at the airport as a tourist.

VAT returns prep

Split gross receipts into net and VAT amounts when preparing quarterly filings.

Price setting

Work backwards from the shelf price you want to the net price you must charge before VAT.

Approaching the registration threshold

Turnover nearing the registration limit needs watching, because crossing it changes your pricing, your paperwork and your margins from that point onward.

Reduced and zero rates

Food, books, children's clothing, domestic energy and public transport frequently sit at reduced or zero rates. Applying one rate across a mixed invoice is a common and expensive slip.

Frequently Asked Questions

How do I add VAT to a price?

Gross price = Net price × (1 + VAT rate ÷ 100). For UK 20% VAT: £100 net × 1.20 = £120 gross, with £20 VAT. For EU standard rate (20%), €200 net becomes €240 gross. Always calculate on the net (pre-VAT) price, not the gross.

How do I remove VAT from a price (reverse VAT)?

Net price = Gross price ÷ (1 + VAT rate ÷ 100). For 20% VAT: £120 ÷ 1.20 = £100 net. A common mistake is subtracting 20% from the gross price — that gives £96, which is wrong. Always divide, never subtract.

What are the current VAT rates in the UK and EU?

UK: 20% standard, 5% reduced (domestic fuel, children's car seats), 0% zero-rated (food, children's clothing, books). EU rates vary by country: France 20%, Germany 19%, Ireland 23%, Sweden 25%, Luxembourg 17% (lowest). Most countries have reduced rates of 5–10% for essentials.

What goods are exempt from VAT in the UK?

Zero-rated (0% VAT) goods in the UK include most food, children's clothing, books and newspapers, prescription medicines, and public transport. VAT-exempt items (not on VAT returns at all) include insurance, financial services, education, and health services. These are different legal categories.

What is the difference between VAT and sales tax?

VAT is collected at every stage of the supply chain — businesses reclaim VAT they paid on inputs, so only the end consumer bears the full cost. US sales tax is applied only at the final point of sale by the retailer. Both ultimately cost the consumer the same amount, but VAT creates a paper trail that reduces tax evasion.